I-Blowout Preventer

I-Blowout Preventer (BOP), iyithuluzi lokuphepha elifakwe phezulu kwemishini yokumba ukuze lilawule ukucindezela kwe-wellhead futhi livimbele ukuqhunyiswa, ukuqhuma, nezinye izingozi ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sokumba nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi. I-BOP idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwabasebenzi namathuluzi abandakanyekayo kule misebenzi.

Ngesikhathi sokumba uwoyela negesi, isivimbeli sokuvuthela sifakwa esihlokweni se-wellhead casing ukuze silawule ukuqhuma kukawoyela, igesi, namanzi anengcindezi ephezulu. Lapho umfutho wangaphakathi kawoyela negesi emthonjeni uphakeme, isivimbeli sokuvuthela singavala ngokushesha i-sourcehead ukuze sinqande uwoyela negesi ukuthi ingaphumi. Lapho udaka lokumba olusindayo luphonswa epayipini lokubhoboza, ivalvu yesango yokuvimbela ukuvuthuza inesimiso sokudlula esivumela ukukhishwa kodaka oluhlaselwe yigesi, okwandisa ikholomu yoketshezi emthonjeni ukuze kucindezelwe ukuqhunyiswa kukawoyela nogesi.

Izinqamuleli ze-Blowout zinezinhlobo ezihlukene, ezifaka izinqamuleli ezijwayelekile zokuvuthela, izinqamuli zokuqhunyiswa kwama-annular, nezivimbeli ezijikelezayo zokuqhumisa. Izivimbeli zokuqhunyiswa kwama-annular zingavulwa ezimeni eziphuthumayo ukuze kuphathwe osayizi abahlukene bamathuluzi okubhoboza nemithombo engenalutho. Izivimbeli zokuvuthela ezijikelezayo zivumela ukubhoboza nokuphephetha kanyekanye. Lapho kubholwa umthombo ojulile, kuvame ukusetshenziswa izinqamuleli ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokuvuthela umoya, kanye nesivimbeli sokuqhunyiswa kwe-annular kanye nesivimbeli esizungezayo sokuvuthela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwekhanda elihle.

I-annular blowout preventer inesango elikhulu elingavala ngokuzimele umthombo lapho intambo yokubhoboza ikhona, kodwa inenani elilinganiselwe lokusetshenziswa futhi ayifaneleki ukuvalwa komthombo isikhathi eside.

Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuguquguqukayo ekubunjweni, umsebenzi ngamunye wokumba unobungozi bokuqhuma. Njengesisetshenziswa esibaluleke kakhulu sokulawula umthombo, izinqamuleli zokuvuthela kufanele zisebenze ngokushesha futhi zivale phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo njengokufika kwabantu abaningi, ukukhahlela, nokuqhunyiswa. Uma isivimbeli se-bloout sihluleka, singaholela ezingozini ezimbi kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, idizayini efanele yezivimbeli zokuvuthela ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka kahle kokusebenza kokumba nokuphepha kwabasebenzi.