Indlela yokukhetha i-forging ratio?

Njengoba isilinganiso sokubumba sikhula, izimbotshana zangaphakathi ziyacindezelwa futhi ama-dendrite e-as-cast ayaphuka, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo kwezakhiwo zemishini ze-longitudinal kanye ne-transverse ze-forging.Kodwa lapho isilinganiso sesigaba se-elongation forging sikhulu kuno-3-4, njengoba isilinganiso sesigaba sokubumba sikhula, izakhiwo ze-fiber ezicacile ziyakhiwa, okubangela ukwehla okukhulu kwe-plasticity index of transverse mechanical properties, okuholela ku-anisotropy of the forging.Uma isilinganiso sesigaba sokukhohlisa sisincane kakhulu, ukufoja akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza.Uma inkulu kakhulu, inyusa umthwalo wokubumba futhi ibangele i-anisotropy.Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanele sokubumba kuyindaba ebalulekile, futhi indaba yokuguqulwa okungalingani ngesikhathi sokubumba kufanele kucatshangelwe.

Isilinganiso sokubumba sivame ukukalwa ngezinga lokuguquguquka phakathi nokwelula.Kubhekiselwa esilinganisweni sobude nobubanzi bento ezokwakhiwa, noma isilinganiso sendawo ephambanayo yezinto ezingavuthiwe (noma i-billet eyenziwe ngaphambilini) ngaphambi kokufoja endaweni ehlukanisayo yomkhiqizo oqediwe ngemva kokufoja.Ubukhulu besilinganiso sokubumba buthinta izici zemishini yezinsimbi kanye nekhwalithi yokubumba.Ukwandisa isilinganiso sokubumba kunenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni i-microstructure kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi, kodwa izilinganiso zokubumba ngokweqile azizuzisi.

Umgomo wokukhetha isilinganiso se-forging ukukhetha esincane ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi uqinisekisa izidingo ezihlukahlukene zokubumba.Isilinganiso sokukhohlisa ngokuvamile sinqunywa ngokuvumelana nezimo ezilandelayo:

1. Lapho izinga eliphezulu le-carbon structural steel kanye ne-alloy structural steel kwakhiwa ngokukhululekile ngesando: kuma-forgings ohlobo lwe-shaft, akhiwe ngokuqondile kusuka ku-ingots yensimbi, futhi isilinganiso sokubumba esibalwe ngokusekelwe esigabeni esiyinhloko kufanele sibe ≥ 3;Isilinganiso sokubumba esibalwe ngokusekelwe kuma-flange noma ezinye izingxenye ezigqamile kufanele sibe ≥ 1.75;Uma usebenzisa amabhilidi ensimbi noma izinto ezigoqiwe, isilinganiso sokubumba esibalwe ngokusekelwe esigabeni esiyinhloko singu-≥ 1.5;Isilinganiso sokubumba esibalwe ngokusekelwe kuma-flange noma ezinye izingxenye ezigqamile kufanele sibe ≥ 1.3.Ngokufakwa kwendandatho, isilinganiso sokubumba kufanele ngokuvamile sibe ngu-≥ 3. Ukuze ama-disc forgings, akhiwe ngokuqondile kusuka kuma-ingots ensimbi, anesilinganiso sokukhwabanisa esiphazamisayo esingu-≥ 3;Kwezinye izikhathi, isilinganiso sokubumba esicasulayo kufanele sibe>>3, kodwa inqubo yokugcina kufanele ibe>.

2. Indwangu ye-billet yensimbi ephezulu ye-alloy ayidingi nje kuphela ukuqeda ukukhubazeka kwayo kwesakhiwo, kodwa futhi idinga ukuba nokusabalalisa okufanayo kwe-carbides, ngakho-ke kufanele kwamukelwe isilinganiso esikhulu sokubumba.Isilinganiso sokubumba sensimbi engagqwali singakhethwa njengo-4-6, kuyilapho isilinganiso sokubumba sensimbi enesivinini esikhulu sidinga ukuba ngu-5-12.