Ukubaluleka Nokuhlukaniswa Kwamagobolondo Amafutha

Amagobolondo kawoyela amapayipi ensimbi abalulekile asetshenziselwa ukusekela izindonga zemithombo kawoyela negesi, aqinisekisa ukuzinza komthombo ngesikhathi sokumba nangemva kokuqedwa. Indima yabo eyinhloko ukugcina ubuqotho bomthombo, ukuvimbela ukudilika kodonga, nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle koketshezi lokumba. Inombolo nezingqimba zama-casings asetshenziswa emthonjeni ngamunye ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokujula kokumba kanye nezimo ze-geological. Uma esefakiwe, amakesi adinga usimende ukuze avikele indawo yawo futhi, ngenxa yemvelo yawo yokusebenzisa isikhathi esisodwa, awakwazi ukuphinda asetshenziswe. Ama-Casings enza ngaphezu kwa-70% wesamba esisetshenziswa amapayipi omthombo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-Casings

Ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwawo, amagobolondo kawoyela angahlukaniswa abe yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

1. Ipayipi lomqhubi: Ibekwe esihlokweni somthombo, isekela imishini yokumba futhi ivikela ama-casings alandelayo emiphumeleni engaphezulu.
2. I-Surface Casing: Ivikela ingxenye engaphezulu yomthombo kusukela ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu, ivimbela ukungena kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma okunye ukwakheka.
3. I-Intermediate Casing: Ihlinzeka ngosekelo olwengeziwe kumthombo futhi ihlukanise umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kokwakheka okuhlukile.
4. Isikhwama Sokukhiqiza: Ihlinzeka ngokusekela kokugcina komthombo futhi ibandakanyeka ngokuqondile enqubweni yokukhiqiza uwoyela.

Izinhlobo ze-Oil Tubing

Amapayipi aqondene nowoyela asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukumba nokuthutha uwoyela negesi, okuhlanganisa:

1. Production Tubing: Isetshenziselwa ukuthutha uwoyela negesi ukusuka phansi komthombo kuya phezulu.
2. Isikhwama: Isekela umthombo womthombo futhi iqinisekisa izinqubo ezivamile zokumba nokuqeda.
3. Ipayipi lokubhoboza: Ixhuma i-drill bit emshinini wokubhola, idlulisela amandla okubhola.

Izidingo kanye namazinga e-Oil Casings

Uma kubhekwa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi neziguquguqukayo ngaphansi komhlaba, amagobolondo kawoyela kufanele ahlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

• Izidingo Zamandla: Amakesi kufanele abe namandla aphezulu ukuze amelane nengcindezi kanye nengcindezi yokwakheka. Kusetshenziswa amamaki ensimbi ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-J55, K55, N80, L80, C90, T95, P110, Q125, V150, njll. Amabanga ahlukene afanele ukujula okuhlukahlukene nezimo zemvelo.
• Ukumelana Nokugqwala: Ezindaweni ezonakalisayo, ama-casings kufanele amelane ngokwanele nokugqwala.
• Goqa Ukumelana: Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuma komhlaba, ama-casings adinga ukumelana kahle ukuze agoqeke ukuze avimbele ukwehluleka kwe-wellbore.

Ukubaluleka Kweshubhu Kawoyela Embonini Kawoyela

Imboni kawoyela ithembele kakhulu eshubhu likawoyela, okunomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni nasekusebenzeni kahle. Ukubaluleka kubonakala ezicini eziningana:

1. Inani Elikhulu kanye Nezindleko Eziphakeme: Ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi omthombo kukhulu, futhi izindleko ziphezulu. Isibonelo, ukubhoboza imitha eli-1 ukujula kudinga cishe u-62 kg wamapayipi kawoyela, okuhlanganisa ama-48 kg ama-casings, ama-10 kg amashubhu okukhiqiza, ama-3 kg amapayipi okubhoboza, kanye no-0.5 kg wamanye amapayipi. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nezindleko kuveza amandla abalulekile wezomnotho.
2. Umthelela Kumasu Okubhoboza: Izakhiwo zemishini nokusebenza kwemvelo kwamapayipi kawoyela kuthinta ngokuqondile ukwamukelwa kwamasu athuthukile kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe.
3. Ukuphepha Nokwethenjelwa: Ukwehluleka kwamapayipi kawoyela kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho, okwenza ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwawo kubaluleke kakhulu embonini kawoyela.

Kafushane, amagobolondo kawoyela adlala indima ebalulekile ekumbiweni kwemithombo kawoyela, futhi izinga lawo kanye nokusebenza kwawo kunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kahle nezinzuzo zezomnotho zayo yonke inqubo yokumba.