Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-teer brittleness ngesikhathi sokubumba nokucubungula ama-forging, amazinga okushisa atholakalayo alinganiselwe. Ukuvimbela i-brittleness ekukhuleni ngesikhathi sokushisa, kuyadingeka ukugwema lezi zigaba ezimbili zokushisa, okwenza kube nzima ukulungisa izakhiwo zemishini. Uhlobo lokuqala lokuthukuthela brittleness. Uhlobo lokuqala lwentukuthelo eyenzeka phakathi kuka-200 no-350 ℃ lwaziwa nangokuthi i-low-temperature brittleness. Uma uhlobo lokuqala lokufutheka kwentukuthelo lwenzeka bese ishiselwa ezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa ukuze lifudumale, i-brittleness ingaqedwa futhi ukuqina komthelela kungandiswa futhi. Kuleli qophelo, uma ukufudumala ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa lika-200-350 ℃, lokhu konakala ngeke kusenzeka. Kulokhu, kuyabonakala ukuthi uhlobo lokuqala lwentukuthelo alukwazi ukuhlehliswa, yingakho lwaziwa nangokuthi ukufutheka okungenakulungiseka. Uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo. Isici esibalulekile sokufutheka kolaka ohlotsheni lwesibili lwamagiya omgunyathi ukuthi, ngaphezu kokubangela ukonakala ngesikhathi sokupholisa kancane ngesikhathi sokushisa okuphakathi kuka-450 no-650 ℃, ukudlula kancane endaweni yokuthuthukisa ebrittle ephakathi kuka-450 no-650 ℃ ngemva kokushisha emazingeni okushisa aphakeme futhi kubangele brittleness. Uma ukupholisa okusheshayo kudlula endaweni yokuthuthukiswa ebrittle ngemva kokushisa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ngeke kubangele i-embrittlement. Uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo luyabuyiseleka emuva, yingakho lwaziwa nangokuthi i-reversible temper brittleness. Uhlobo lwesibili lwesenzo sokuthukuthela luyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukuzama ukuchaza zonke izigigaba ngethiyori eyodwa kusobala ukuthi kunzima kakhulu, njengoba kungase kube nesizathu esingaphezu kwesisodwa se-embrittlement. Kodwa into eyodwa eqinisekile, inqubo yokuqothula yohlobo lwesibili lwe-teer brittleness nakanjani inqubo ehlehliswayo eyenzeka emngceleni wokusanhlamvu futhi ilawulwa ukusabalalisa, okunganciphisa umngcele wokusanhlamvu futhi akuhlobene ngokuqondile ne-martensite kanye ne-austenite esele. Kubonakala sengathi zimbili kuphela izimo ezingaba khona zale nqubo ehlehliswayo, okuwukuthi ukuhlukaniswa nokunyamalala kwama-athomu asolute emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, kanye nemvula nokuhlakazeka kwezigaba eziphukayo eduze kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu.
Inhloso yokufudumeza insimbi ngemva kokucisha ngesikhathi sokubunjwa nokucubungula ama-forgings: 1. ukunciphisa ukuqina, ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Ngemva kokucisha, izingxenye zensimbi ziba nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi kanye nokuqina, futhi ukwehluleka ukuthukuthela ngesikhathi ngokuvamile kuholela ekushintshashintsheni noma ngisho nokuqhekeka kwezingxenye zensimbi. 2. Thola izici ezidingekayo zemishini ye-workpiece. Ngemuva kokucisha, ucezu lokusebenzela lunobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokuqina okuphezulu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukene zezingcezu zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, ubulukhuni bungalungiswa ngokushisa okufanele ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqina nokuthola ukuqina okudingekile kanye nepulasitiki. 3. Zinzisa usayizi we-workpiece. 4. Kwezinye izinsimbi ze-alloy okunzima ukuthambisa ngemva kokukhishwa kwe-anneal, ukushisa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokucisha (noma ukujwayelekile) ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokufanelekile ama-carbides ensimbi, ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, kanye nokwenza lula ukucutshungulwa kokusika.
Lapho wenza ama-forging, ukufutheka kwentukuthelo kuyinkinga edinga ukuqashelwa. Ikhawulela ububanzi bamazinga okushisa atholakalayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa eliholela ekwandeni kwe-brittleness kufanele ligwenywe phakathi nenqubo yokuthambisa. Lokhu kubangela ubunzima ekulungiseni izakhiwo zemishini.
Uhlobo lokuqala lokufutheka kwentukuthelo ikakhulukazi lenzeka phakathi kuka-200-350 ℃, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-low-temperature brittleness. Lokhu brittleness akunakuhlehliswa. Uma sekwenzekile, ukushisisa kabusha kumazinga okushisa aphezulu okushisa kungaqeda ukonakala futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina komthelela futhi. Kodwa-ke, ukushisa ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elingu-200-350 ℃ kuzophinde kubangele lokhu kuphuka. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo lokuqala lwentukuthelo aluhlehliseki.
Isici esibalulekile sohlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kolaka ukuthi ukupholisa kancane phakathi kuka-450 no-650 ℃ kungabangela ukonakala, kuyilapho ukudlula kancane endaweni yokuthuthukisa ebrittle ephakathi kuka-450 no-650 ℃ ngemva kokuba ukushisa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme nakho kungabangela ukonakala. Kodwa uma ukupholisa okusheshayo kudlula endaweni yokuthuthukiswa kwe-brittle ngemva kokushisa okuphezulu, ukuqina ngeke kwenzeke. Uhlobo lwesibili lokufutheka kwentukuthelo luyabuyiseleka emuva, futhi lapho ubuqhwaga bunyamalala futhi bushisisa futhi bupholiswe kancane futhi, ubuqhwaga buzobuyiselwa. Le nqubo ye-embrittlement ilawulwa ngokusakazwa futhi yenzeka emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, ayihlobene ngokuqondile ne-martensite kanye ne-austenite esele.
Kafushane, kunezinjongo ezimbalwa zokushisisa insimbi ngemva kokucisha ngesikhathi sokufojwa nokucubungula izinto zokubumba: ukunciphisa ukonakala, ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi, ukuthola izakhiwo ezidingekayo zemishini, ukusimamisa usayizi wengcezu yokusebenza, kanye nokulungisa izinsimbi ezithile ze-alloy okunzima ukuzithambisa ngesikhathi sokudonsa. ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokwenza, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele ngokuphelele umthelela we-teering brittleness, bese ukhetha izinga lokushisa elifanele kanye nezimo zenqubo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezingxenye, ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo ezifanele zemishini nokuzinza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-16-2023
