Ukuze unikeze ama-workpieces ensimbi ngezinto ezidingekayo zemishini, zomzimba, kanye namakhemikhali, ngaphezu kokukhethwa okunengqondo kwezinto kanye nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha, izinqubo zokwelashwa kokushisa zivame ukubalulekile. Insimbi iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yemishini, ene-microstructure eyinkimbinkimbi engalawulwa ngokwelashwa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi kungukuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aluminium, ithusi, i-magnesium, i-titanium kanye nama-alloys abo nayo ingashintsha izakhiwo zabo zemishini, ngokomzimba namakhemikhali ngokwelashwa kokushisa ukuze kutholwe izici ezihlukene zokusebenza.
Ukwelashwa kokushisa ngokuvamile akushintshi ukuma kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali sekukonke kocezu lokusebenza, kodwa kunalokho kunikeza noma kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo ngokushintsha i-microstructure ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza noma ukushintsha ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ebusweni bocezu lokusebenza. Isici sawo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yangaphakathi ye-workpiece, ngokuvamile engabonakali ngeso lenyama.
Umsebenzi wokwelapha ukushisa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini yezinto zokwakha, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka okusalayo, nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinsimbi. Ngokwezinjongo ezihlukene zokwelapha ukushisa, izinqubo zokwelashwa kokushisa zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili: ukwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina.
1.Inhloso yokwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokucubungula, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, nokulungisa isakhiwo esihle se-metallographic sokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina. Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa ihlanganisa ukucwiliswa, ukujwayelekile, ukuguga, ukucisha kanye nokushisa, njll.
l I-Annealing kanye ne-normalization isetshenziselwa izikhala eziye zacutshungulwa ngokushisa. Insimbi ye-carbon steel ne-alloy enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphezu kuka-0.5% kuvame ukukhishwa ukuze kuncishiswe ubulukhuni bazo futhi kube lula ukusika; Insimbi ye-Carbon ne-alloy steel enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni engaphansi kuka-0.5% iphathwa ngokujwayelekile ukugwema ukunamathela kwethuluzi ngesikhathi sokusika ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphansi. I-Annealing kanye ne-normalization ingacwengisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu futhi izuze i-microstructure efanayo, ilungiselela ukwelashwa kokushisa okuzayo. Ukufakwa kwe-annealing kanye nokujwayelekile kuvame ukuhlelwa ngemva komshini onzima nangaphambi komshini onzima.
l Ukwelashwa kwesikhathi ikakhulukazi kusetshenziselwa ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okukhiqizwa ekukhiqizeni okungenalutho kanye nokucutshungulwa kwemishini. Ukuze ugweme umthwalo wezokuthutha oweqile, wezingxenye ezinonemba okuvamile, ukwelashwa kwesikhathi kungahlelwa ngaphambi komshini onembayo. Kodwa-ke, ezingxenyeni ezinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu (njengokuqoqwa kwemishini eyisicefe yokuxhumanisa), izinqubo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zokwelashwa kokuguga kufanele zihlelwe. Izingxenye ezilula ngokuvamile azidingi ukwelashwa ukuguga. Ngokungeziwe ekubumbeni, kwezinye izingxenye ezinembayo ezinokuqina okungalungile (njengezikulufu ezinembayo), ukwelashwa kokuguga okuningi kuvame ukuhlelwa phakathi komshini onzima kanye nomshini wokunemba kancane ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okukhiqizwa phakathi nokucubungula kanye nokuzinzisa ukunemba komshini kwezingxenye. Ezinye izingxenye ze-shaft zidinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi ngemva kwenqubo yokuqondisa.
l Ukucisha kanye nokushisa kubhekisela ekwelapheni okushisayo okushisa kakhulu ngemva kokucisha, okungathola isakhiwo se-martensite esine-uniform kanye nesihle, silungiselela ukunciphisa ukuguqulwa ngesikhathi sokucinywa kwendawo kanye nokwelashwa kwe-nitriding esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, ukucisha nokushisa kungasetshenziswa futhi njengokwelashwa kokushisa okulungiselelayo. Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezinhle ezibanzi zemishini yezingxenye ezicishiwe nezithambile, ezinye izingxenye ezinezidingo eziphansi zokuqina nokumelana nokugqoka nazo zingasetshenziswa njengenqubo yokugcina yokwelapha ukushisa.
2.Inhloso yokwelashwa kokushisa kokugcina ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini ezinjengokuqina, ukumelana nokugqoka, namandla.
l Ukucisha kubandakanya ukucisha indawo kanye nokucisha ngobuningi. I-Surface quenching isetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuncane, i-oxidation, kanye ne-decarburization, futhi inezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu angaphandle nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle, kuyilapho igcina ukuqina okuhle kanye nokumelana nomthelela oqinile ngaphakathi. Ukuze uthuthukise izakhiwo zemishini yezingxenye ezicishiwe ezingaphezulu, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kokushisa njengokucisha nokushisa noma ukujwayela njengokwelashwa kokushisa kokuqala. Umzila wenqubo ojwayelekile uthi: ukusika - ukubumba - ukujwayela (ukulinganisa) - ukukhanda okungalungile - ukucisha kanye nokushisa - ukusika okunembayo - ukucisha indawo - ukukhanda ngokunemba.
l Ukucisha i-Carburizing kulungele insimbi ye-carbon ephansi kanye nensimbi ephansi ye-alloy. Okokuqala, okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kongqimba olungaphezulu lwengxenye kuyanda, futhi ngemva kokucisha, ungqimba olungaphezulu luthola ubulukhuni obuphezulu, kuyilapho umnyombo usagcina amandla athile, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nepulasitiki. I-Carbonization ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-carburizing jikelele kanye ne-carburizing yendawo. Lapho i-carburizing kancane, izinyathelo zokunqanda ukuphuma kwamanzi (i-copper plating noma i-plating anti-sepage materials) kufanele kuthathwe izingxenye ezingangcwabi. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okukhulu okubangelwa ukungcwatshwa kwe-carburizing kanye nokucisha, kanye nokujula kwe-carburizing ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-2mm, inqubo yokungcwaba ngokuvamile ihlelwa phakathi komshini wokwenza izinto ngokunemba kanye nokunemba kwemishini. Umzila wenqubo ojwayelekile uthi: ukusika i-forging normalizing machining rough and nusu precision machining carburizing quenching precision machining. Lapho ingxenye engeyona i-carburized yezingxenye zasendaweni ze-carburized ithatha uhlelo lwenqubo yokwandisa isibonelelo kanye nokusika ungqimba oluningi lwe-carburized, inqubo yokusika ungqimba olweqile we-carburized kufanele ihlelwe ngemuva kokufakwa kwe-carburization nangaphambi kokucinywa.
l Ukwelashwa kwe-nitriding kuyindlela yokwelapha evumela ama-athomu e-nitrogen ukuthi angene endaweni yensimbi ukuze athole ungqimba lwezinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-nitrogen. Isendlalelo se-nitriding singathuthukisa ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokugqoka, amandla okukhathala, nokumelana nokugqwala kobuso bezingxenye. Ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kokwelashwa kwe-nitriding, ukuwohloka okuncane, nongqimba oluncane lwe-nitriding (ngokuvamile aludluli ku-0.6 ~ 0.7mm), inqubo ye-nitriding kufanele ihlelwe sekwephuzile ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze unciphise ukuwohloka ngesikhathi se-nitriding, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokudambisa ingcindezi ngokuvamile liyadingeka ngemva kokusika.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-24-2024
